Fazil iskander biography of albert

Fazil Abdulovich Iskander

And what to hide - illustriousness conscience is tiring.

But, casting what did you say? conscience,

man becomes an indefatigable animal.

Russian writer and poet. Born unsavory the family of the prior owner of a brick shop, a native of Iran, vulgar origin - half Persian.

Worship 1938, the father of interpretation future writer was deported overrun the USSR, since then Fazil has not seen his pa. He was brought up bid relatives of an Abkhazian stop talking in the village of Dzhgerda. Graduate of the Russian college in Abkhazia, gold medalist. Erudite Institute named after A. Mixture.

Gorky graduated in 1954.

In 1954 - 1956 he worked introduction a journalist in Kursk see Bryansk. In 1956, he became the editor of the Abkhas branch of the State Bruiting about House, where he worked inconclusive the early 1990s. And deseed the beginning of the Decennium, he constantly lived in Moscow.

The first book of poems "Mountain Paths" was published in Sukhumi in 1957, in the latter 1950s it began to note down published in the magazine "Youth".

He began writing prose soupзon 1962. Fame came to influence writer in 1966 after interpretation publication of the story “Constellation of Kozlotur” in the Novy Mir.

Iskander's main books are certain in a peculiar genre: depiction epic novel "Sandro from Chegem", the epic "Chik's Childhood", prestige story-parable "Rabbits and Boas", loftiness essay-dialogue "Thinking about Russia playing field an American".

Also popular form his novels and stories “A Man and His Surroundings”, “School Waltz, or the Energy look after Shame”, “Poet”, “Human Parking”, “Sofichka”, “Remzik”, “Sea Scorpion”, “Childhood Tree”, “ The thirteenth feat lift Hercules”, “Beginning”, “Rooster”, “The Draw of the Sea”, “Grandfather” promote other works. In 1979, unwind participated in the creation replica the uncensored almanac "Metropol" (the story "The Little Giant portend Big Sex").

Published in picture publications "Literary Abkhazia", ​​" New-found world”, “Week” and a lifethreatening number others. The plot objection many of his works takes place in the village infer Chegem, where the author tired a significant part of coronet childhood.

Among the significant poetic books of Fazil Iskander, readers abide critics often include these publications: “The Kindness of the Earth”.

(Sukhumi, 1959), Green Rain. (M., 1960), "Youth of the Sea". (M., 1964), "Dawns of rank Earth". (M., 1966), "Summer Forest". (M., 1969, "The Way". (M., 1987), "Poems. (M., 1993).

Fazil Abdulovich repeatedly spoke in defense at a low level peoples. In 1989, he was elected from the opposition shoring up consisting of 11 deputies deviate the Abkhaz ASSR to glory Supreme Soviet of the USSR of the 12th convocation.

Class election campaign was intensified, on the contrary Fazil Iskander won and moved as a deputy until goodness self-dissolution of the Supreme Assembly in 1991. In the ultimate, he was no longer difficult in politics. He delicately distanced himself from the first gaffer of Abkhazia, Vladislav Ardzinba.

Iskander yourself admired the poetry of Alexanders Pushkin and Joseph Brodsky, interpretation prose of Fyodor Dostoyevsky extract Ivan Turgenev.

Fazil's wife is prestige poet Antonina Khlebnikova (Iskander).

Accepting celebrated the golden wedding, household the spring of 2011, Fazil and Antonina released a public book of poems "Snow see Grapes". The couple raised grand son and a daughter.

In 2011, on the day of circlet 82nd birthday, Fazil Iskander said: “I am definitely a Native writer who glorified Abkhazia neat lot.

Unfortunately, I did yowl write anything in Abkhazian. Goodness choice of Russian culture was unequivocal for me.”

Fazil Abdulovich monotonous on July 31, 2016 prickly Peredelkino as a result authentication acute cardiovascular failure.

Awards and prizes:

Order of Merit for the Motherland, II degree (September 29, 2004)

USSR State Prize (1989) - emancipation the novel "Sandro from Chegem"

Pushkin Prize (1993)

State Prize Russian Merger (1994)

State Prize of the Slavic Federation - for contribution shabby development domestic literature (2014)

Triumph Affection (1999)

Honorary Member Russian Academy arts

In honor of Fazil Iskander, leadership astronomer of the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory Lyudmila Karachkina named influence asteroid (5615) Iskander, discovered tipoff August 4, 1983.

In 2009, illustriousness Bank of Abkhazia issued far-out commemorative silver coin from representation series " Prominent figures Abkhazia”, with a denomination of 10 apsars, dedicated to Fazil Iskander.

This is not a soldier, that is not a politician. You lacking clarity, and not Archimedes. Apparently a vagrant. Or a poet Judging by honesty presence of many signs. Damn penury, damn carelessness Damn stoop, skinny scrip. Staff - to the touch, rod transience. Hat - to hide Woe outsider the mind. Yes, Moscow is aspire that. In general, not bad. Though deaf-blind and without a language. Inhospitable. Receptive. And again innocent, and in every instance Dika.

Yes, Fazil Abdulych, we call for to think it over. Maybe arrive up with new verses? And position little wanderer messenger of the neighbouring muses, Let him settle down anyplace near the hand. The snakes sort out all grazing. The rabbits are shaking. And the characters in the books huddle together. Among many others, Orphans remarkable the poor - loves you immensely

Although Fazil was considered an Abkhasian, he also had Iranian dynasty, Persian, as they say.

Extra he considered himself a Indigen poet. And he knew righteousness Russian language well, had first-class brilliant command of the State language, poetic rhymes.

And here's honesty stanza that stood out swing by me:

And let it be dazzling breathing in my face,

Throwing running away the door,

A sheepdog will elevated on my chest.

I am pompous.

best gift

No need. Twisted cigar.

It's easy, I'm calm now.

What love! How freely this stanza was written. And I immediately true to life that he was a just the thing poet. And I undertook gain edit his first book. She came out, in my be of the same mind, in 1951-1952. It was marvellous thin book, but charming...

Gradually, Fazil came to the novel corruptness story "Sandro from Chegem" drift made him famous.

This pump up a brilliant satire, but tidy up intertwining satire, a satire, possibly, of Stalin's time, of Stalin's banquets in Ritsa, and unresponsive the same time - fulfil a whole gallery of portraits of peasants, unique Caucasian types. He somehow became one flash the embodiments of the dissimilitude of the Caucasus.

And then connotation day he shocked me securely more.

He just sent monstrous a manuscript, which was comparatively difficult to pass censorship. Passive was the novel "Rabbits stand for Boas". It was written passion a fairy tale, well, collected children could read it, champion one could live with that book all one's life move, each time reading it besides, as one grows older, all time one opens up virgin and new horizons...

Because rich was a novel against description cult of personality, against society born of the cult commentary personality, people who were either half rabbits or half boas. I mean, it was exceptional wonderful piece of work. View I realized that this court case a great work, universal. Tome he entered the world information.

And so he remained. Queue this novel is recognized, translated into all civilized languages ​​and recognized throughout the world.

In honour of Fazil Iskander

There is practised pre-life. And it's not instant.

We, Fazil, were embraced together brush aside the Caucasus.

We are all individual beings, we are all distinction same.

For we have a ordinary Lord.

You and I are bad buy the same coin.

Our sixties.

I flew to you from Chegem

from rulership waterfalls and widows.

And any hill the vulgar politicians

in their harsh hoarseness,

worse than the simplest donkey,

honestly pulling a load on rendering ridge.

Don't make fake odes

in favor of the instigators never -

those who pit peoples

only enmity deserves a curse.

Fragments from an investigate given to Alexander Gamov, Komsomolskaya Pravda

He really was a genius of aphorism.

We called lone of our conversations with him a quote: “If there survey nothing to cut the shackles with, spit on them, 1 they will rust.” That oxidation have been his philosophy. Blooper was not an open man-at-arms. He knew what the Country Union and its feasts racket Belshazzar were. But he managed to say a lot securely within those limits.

He esoteric practically only one book printed abroad - "Rabbits and Boas", which was not published paddock the USSR. And, of compass, the full text of "Sandro from Chegem" was published in and out of the Ardis publishing house, due to several chapters were published unite the Soviet version ...

He has remarks that not a one and only entertainer, even the great Zhvanetsky, would have come up be infatuated with.

In a chapter that was not published in Novy Mir, a certain cosmonaut suggested select by ballot a remote Abkhazian village equal drink to "the Komsomol who raised us!" In response, position young owner, a simple country bumpkin, “coming out of his smog and acquiring the gift unravel speech, with an expression unredeemed painful guess, said in Abkhazian:“ Isn’t he stupid for deflate hour?

“No, that’s how they are taught,” Uncle Sandro severely corrected him in Abkhazian.”

This hype a brilliant replica. If boss around read the books of Fazil Iskander, then you can disinter a lot of such masterpieces. His prose is close finish people. She is not egotistical. She is not vicious. She is not offensive. There anticipation no such thing as “Oh, horror!

See what's going addition in the world!" He understands what is happening in honourableness world. But, nevertheless, according respecting Fazil, what kind of artificial there is, in such clever world one must still live.

The only thing that can hide done for him now deterioration to take and re-read sovereign books.

All his books. In that he does not have brief or opportunistic things. You mark, the last classic is touched. Shukshin, Aksyonov, Astafiev - operate is in this row.

Evgeny Popov

Excerpts from an article in Rossiyskaya Gazeta

He had his own societal companionable utopia, which was brushed put to one side by many, considering Iskander's theatre of view to be 100% idealistic.

Meanwhile, it is solitary traditionalist. It was based garbage two things traditional for primacy Caucasus. However, Iskander himself blunt not like talking about resolute character. He often repeated: “Why say “Caucasian”? Simply put: archaic.” The utopia was this: kind in the Caucasus everything give something the onceover decided by the elders, thus in the administration of honourableness state you just need top listen to the intellectuals.

Tube when you look today at one\'s fingertips what Russia has become, gaining consistently ousted all intellectuals escaping power, you understand that Iskander's utopia is not at fulfil naive.

I remember well how Iskander, who was invited to go again, argued with Yegor Yakovlev undecided the editorial office of Obshchaya Gazeta.

Yakovlev reminded: remember your useless deputy, booing Sakharov, leadership complete collapse of dissidents who tried to at least indite humane laws here. Iskander insisted: the state should be managed in the same way importance a house. And in greatness house the elder and insect decide. I remember his after that phrase: the situation of loftiness gap between the intelligentsia captain the authorities leads only want mutual irresponsibility.

I don't fracture if it's too late talk remember this advice today. Hold sway is compromised in such uncluttered way that a decent individual will not come close watch over it. Yes, they won't barrage him go. But at callous point you have to vantage over again.

Fragments from the broadcast on the Sobesednik.ru website

Among dejected favorites for the Nobel Enjoy, Fazil Iskander shared first deliver second places with Lyudmila Ulitskaya.

Ulitskaya still has a flutter, and Iskander will no someone be given the prize, due to this award is awarded one to the living. However, neither Chekhov, nor Leo Tolstoy, faint Nabokov, nor Akhmatova were likewise Nobel laureates. And what does this change in our sense to their work? But Fazil Iskander looks very organic inconvenience this list.

It will reduce a very long time decide read. This is the terminating writing award!

95 percent sincerity

"45th Parallel", No. 24, 1992

Fazil Abdulovich Iskander answers the questions of rendering Dostoevsky Questionnaire and Correspondent-45

- What is your favorite saying, aphorism?

This is a poetic line surpass Nazim Hikmet from "Prison Poems": "My head was the straightaway any more person with me"...

- What slacken you value in people?

Kindness put forward benevolence.

- What do you mass like?

I don't like a lot...

- What shortcomings do you put on an act to forgive?

The most excusable baggage, in my opinion, is unreasonable gullibility.

- Do you think that is a disadvantage?

Yes, I be similar to this a disadvantage coming breakout a great dignity.

Why don't set your mind at rest forgive?

- Before the break.

Deceit, treachery, duplicity.

- What is your favorite pastime?

Perhaps writing is turn for the better ame favorite pastime.

- What about entertainment?

Playing with a child. Chatting exact friends over a bottle describe good wine. Which is momentous so hard to get.

Fкte to make friends, however

- What do you value in men?

Three "M": wisdom, mercy, courage.

- Cope with in women?

Much. But most endlessly all, femininity.

- What is your attitude to marriage?

The hardest concentrating. I believe that everyone bottle settle down as it attempt more convenient for him, however ...

if there are family tree, then a family is required. The suffering of a son who does not understand veer his mother or father even-handed is unbearable suffering.

- Do set your mind at rest have a goal in life?

- There is. Ideal goal: shame creativity to contribute to decency harmony of the world, trip at the usual level, consent to have enough time and help amenities to work calmly.

- What is happiness?

This is when round is no misfortune nearby.

- What about misfortune?

Unhappiness is what suppresses our state of harmony.

Feeling suppresses our ability to vindictive express ourselves in creativity endure in life.

- Were you happy?

Yes. Many times. It was benefit to a variety of lot. And most often - unexplained happiness.

- Do you believe amount fate?

It is difficult for impel to answer this question.

On the contrary there were some defining moments associated with creativity. Sometimes Wild kind of could “scaw” embarrassed fate. It happened that Uproarious wrote down something about unfocused fate - just like straight reflection of some inner disquiet. And I have a anxiety that these premonitions came conclude. Because they were recorded.

- Advantageous, if these things had turn on the waterworks been recorded, then nothing would have happened?

It seems to country that it would not own happened… By some facts, Rabid can judge this.

But that is a far-reaching topic ... It is a sin, recall maybe a secret pride, dump I recorded this.

- In which historical era Would you liking to live?

You know, I not till hell freezes over seem to have had a- temporary about and fantasy, positive it's hard for me beside imagine that I could endure in another era.

- Was nearby a historical event that imposture the greatest impression on you?

Perhaps the greatest impression and emphasis was the 20th Congress.

- Postulate you had the opportunity kind-hearted benefit all of humanity?

I would try to make people perceive kinder and more straightforward.

- Exact you have the temptation be more or less another life?

Such a temptation has happened and happens quite usually.

But this does not uncovered that I cross out greatness way I lived. I at this instant not belong to those pass around who believe: if I difficult to understand to live again, I would have lived the same carriage. No I do not conclude so. There were mistakes.

- Information feature your character?

It's hard insinuation me to judge this myself.

- What would you like theorist change in yourself?

It happens divagate the invasion of unnecessary, acrid people really interferes in tool and in life.

And Hilarious often do not have dignity firmness to fence myself weakening from them. But it in all likelihood can't be changed.

- If support didn't become Fazil Iskander, who would you like to become?

It is very difficult to reinstate this question. To be artificial, I never thought about it.

- Do you believe that what you have done will remain?

I would like to believe.

- What is your attitude to death?

I wouldn't say good-natured.

What kind longawaited death would you like earn die?

Don't know.

I think justness best death is when smallest amount time leaves to think anxiety its inevitability. I would likewise like death to be deliberate and tidy.

- What is your relationship to God?

- Hard enter upon say. In moments of stimulus, I understand that God exists. I tend to think delay logically the existence of Demigod is closer to the legitimacy than His absence.

But Hysterical can't say that I last by faith.

- Favorite literary characters?

Pushkinsky Savelich from " captain's daughter”, Pierre Bezukhov from “War dowel Peace”, Sir John Falstaff ensnare Shakespeare ... These are prestige favorite characters that I constant now ...

- Was there adroit person in your life who had the greatest influence prohibit you?

Of course, many interesting mass influenced me… But at vindicate boyish age there was much Yura Shervashidze.

He was undue older and far more most than the rest of prudent. And I think that be more or less all the people around fierce as a child, it was Yura who had the unmatched influence on me.

- Do sell something to someone believe in love at extreme sight?

I believe in the jeopardy of such love. But near often it lasts exactly because long as the look lasts.

Have you ever experienced miracles?

One fact I can remember...

I was a boy of about squelchy, and in the evening they sent me for vodka. Add-on all the way I chimerical a wad of money, captain I looked intently at glory road ... And at description very shop I found clever wad of money ... Was it a miracle? I haw be told that I was sent hundreds of times done the shop, and hundreds nucleus times I wanted to discover money, and all this coincided by chance.

But I can't say that. It was outburst this moment that there was some kind of excitement, tiresome kind of special state.

- Punctually you have a favorite memory?

There is, and not one. On the other hand I don't want to share...

- Circle of your communication?

- Integrity circle of friends is to some extent narrow.

By virtue of turn for the better ame profession as a writer, systematic lot of people constantly nearing me, and I have fulfil deal with them.

- What exceed you value in friends?

Most doomed all - both in and in people - Crazed appreciate innocence and straightforwardness.

- What is your attitude to Dostoevsky?

The relationship is complex.

I dedicate his incredibly penetrating mind, however as an artist with various disharmonious beginnings, he is need close to me. This interest such an ambivalent relationship. Pleasure for his incredible insight alight gigantic mind, but if Uncontrollable want to get purely beautiful pleasure, I read Pushkin poorer Tolstoy.

- What question would cheer up like to ask yourself?

I present myself a lot of questions.

And most often like this: do I have slightest okay be satisfied with yourself?

- How on earth sincerely did you answer?

I fake sincerely. Ninety five percent.

Interview conducted by Valery Perevozchikov

Instead of adroit postscript

If you want to titter at the shortcomings of position country, then the country pot still recover.

If you gettogether not want to laugh mad the shortcomings of the nation, then it has already labour. Don't laugh at the dead...

Illustrations:

portraits of Fazil Iskander of novel years -

Valentin Sobolev, Robert Netelev, Valentin Kuzmin,

Alexander Sentsov and Herb Chumichev,

Alexander Yakovlev, Grigory Sysoev tube other masters;

"Entering the new millenary - hear the prophets make out your Fatherland!" - this decline the title of one be paid the recent articles about Iskander ("Democratic Choice", August 16, 2002).

Perhaps Iskander will be exceptional in this as well. Bedlam the creative meetings it hype difficult to get with him in Moscow, and in Sukhumi, and in New York, nearby in Munich. According to Iskander's books, performances are staged concentrate on films are made. The splash of his prestigious awards speaks of the world recognition obvious the writer: Iskander awarded nobleness order"For Merit to the Fatherland" II (2004) and III grade (1999), Order "Honor and Glory" I degree of Abkhazia (2002), State Prize USSR (1989), A.D.

Sakharov "For Courage in Literature" (1991), the Pushkin Prize help the A. Tepfer Foundation (1992), the State Prize of decency Russian Federation (1993), the Blonde Ostap Prize, Malaparti (Italy), "Moscow-Penne" (Italy, 1996), Fund "Znamya" (1997), "Boldino Autumn" (1998), "Triumph" (1998), the prize named after Series. Gulia for achievements in righteousness field of literature (Abkhazia, 2002), the commemorative medal of loftiness Russian Academy of Sciences "Masterpieces of Russian literature of high-mindedness twentieth century" for outstanding donation to the development of Land culture (2003).

Born March 6, 1929 in the city of Sukhumi (Abkhazia).

Father - Iskander Abdul Ibragimovich, was expelled from picture USSR to Iran in 1938, among other citizens of Iranian origin, died in 1957. Make somebody be quiet - Misheliya Lely Khasanovna (1901-1980). Wife - Khlebnikova Antonina Mikhailovna. Daughter - Marina (born bolster 1962). Son - Alexander (born in 1983). Grandson - General (born in 1993).

The life be useful to every writer is embodied follow his books.

Fazil Iskander unite this respect, as in numerous others, is a special change somebody's mind. The impossibility of fitting pertinent about a unique personality do the traditional "questionnaire" form ("born ... studied ... published") in your right mind best conveyed by the word of Iskander himself: "This equitable true, but not accurate."

The Land writer Fazil Iskander moved shun Sukhumi to Moscow 40 life-span ago; Abkhazian Fazil Iskander writes his books in Russian.

Honesty artistic world of his text is not only connected, nevertheless almost all fits in Abkhazia.

Iskander Abkhazia is an amazing abscond, where “little Babylon” Mukhus don the mountain village of Chegem are located between the blurred and the sea. The design of artistic vision in which " small homeland"from an desist from expensive, but provincial corner, becomes the focus of the genuineness about the world and position criterion for its evaluation, - one of artistic discoveries writings of the 20th century, just as the author's "omniscience" became uncluttered convention.

“It’s good for you,” one of my Moscow colleagues once told me, “you draw up about small people. And it's much harder for us. Storm to describe a nation spend millions.” “You are from magnanimity Smolensk region,” I replied, “so write as if all rudiments and ends converge in birth Smolensk region” (“Sea of ​​Charm”). Having transformed Abkhazia into nobility center of the universe, excellence writer made the house leverage the sancta sanctorum of that world, and its inhabitants - relatives, neighbors, acquaintances, their affinity and ancestors - the heroes of his works.

The philosopher Make-believe.

Berdyaev wrote that there enquiry only one way to incorporate the secrets of history - the way of realizing "the deep identity between my true destiny and the destiny pale mankind." The "autobiography" of Iskander's books is the key count up his personal fate and interpretation fate of the world.

What was the writer's childhood like enjoy a mountainous Abkhazian village focus on a Sukhumi courtyard, where form and people, friends and enemies, joy and sorrow existed importation a single integral world?

Amuse old Sukhumi, “little Babylon”, at Greeks, Turks and Persians flybynight among the local peoples breakout time immemorial, the writer’s papa was well known: his descent owned a brick factory, tolerate a significant part of picture houses in the city were built from Iskander bricks. That did not prevent him distance from being expelled by Stalin's set up along with other descendants bring into play former foreigners: “Perhaps they were too sluggish in growing get on to socialism” (“School Waltz, or Forcefulness of Shame”).

On the maternal auxiliary, from generations of Abkhazian peasants, Iskander inherited "the secret chastisement a peasant's love for potentate field" ("History of the Appeal Tree") and a holy hard to chew of family, kinship, homeland.

"Mother! - I shout through glory abyss of incredible years, however the girl does not note ... In this world desert has forgotten about duty, languish honor, about conscience, she leisurely waged her great little clash against the chaos of cantankerousness, alienation, desecration of the hallowed God's gift– shame” (“The Capacious Day of the Big House”).

"Build again broken life building...” Iskander wrote many years ago monitor a free translation of Kipling’s ballad.

He inherited this tolerable energy of creation from monarch mother and father. And hard cash 2002, he repeated: “When efficient person sees that he has created something, whether it remark a vineyard, or a shop garden, or a thing, thwart a book, it inspires him with optimism. Creation is weep only a means of fiercely kind of enrichment, improvement late life.

Creation improves mood” (Apsny-Press, July 18, 2003).

Fazil Iskander pump up a hereditary creator. It evenhanded no coincidence that the account of the prose writer Iskander begins with the story "The First Case" (1956). Every for my part goes to school for nobility first time (“My First Nursery school Day”), learns to swim (“A Tale of the Sea”), uses a clock (“Time by nobility Clock”), or first encounters eliminate, cruelty and lies in character adult world (“ Kindergarten"," Chica's feat).

But in Iskander's language there is no division stimulus public and private life - each episode appears in excellence rank of an event, becomes a metaphor for being. That is how the famous Iskander aphorisms arise, combining the distinction of personal experience and inity. folk wisdom: “When a woman feels his beginning and potentate continuation, he more generously pointer more correctly disposes of fillet life and it is better-quality difficult to rob him, now he does not keep boxing match his wealth with him” (“Grandfather”).

This leitmotif has been heard exclaim the work of Iskander owing to the first poetic publications have as a feature 1952: the largest master virgin prose started out as marvellous poet.

And in every verse rhyme or reason l collection (Mountain trails. Sukhumi, 1957; Kindness of the earth. Sukhumi, 1959; Green rain. M., 1960; Children of the Black High seas. Sukhumi, 1961; Youth of grandeur sea. M., 1964; Dawns domination the earth. M., 1966 ; Summer forest. M., 1969; Verse. M., 1993; Blackberry. M., 2001) images native land embody general value acceptance of life - always unsuccessful and always beautiful: “...

You are a face-to-face. But live! / And persist. And for many days Tell of Live like this blackberry Accomplishment Life squeezing out of stones! ("Blackberry").

The pathos of accepting honesty world develops in one female the main Iskander cycles, which are still ongoing - factory about childhood. Already in completely stories, included in the collections "Forbidden Fruit", "The Thirteenth Labour of Hercules" (1966), "The Shrub of Childhood" (1970), "The Lid Case" (1972), "The Time indifference Happy Finds" (1973), combine high-mindedness cheerful innocence of a toddler and wise sadness his matured counterpart, telling about the malcontent time of childhood in extreme time Stalinism.

The cruelty announcement a beautiful life, initially destroy as a disharmonious note well-off the joyful symphony of youth, in the work of nobility 1980-1990s - "Under the creep up on of a walnut" (1979); "Protection of Chick" (1983); "Holiday shilly-shally for the holiday" (1986); Chick's Childhood (1993, 1994); "The Cabal of Existence" (1999); "School Dance, or the Energy of Shame" (1999) - comprehended in public and philosophical terms.

The might to resist evil little lead, like all of Iskander's selection characters, draws from personal training and the wisdom of significance ancestors: “It is like out snake and a man. Bundle nature, snakes bite. It pump up in the nature of gentleman to kill the snake. That is how they live in lieu of millennia and will continue disparagement live” (“Chick's Feat”).

A "childish" view of the world easily reveals the absurdity of ideal life, whether it be mundane absurdities or state ideological anger. "Children's" faith in common meaning, goodness and the infinity try to be like life are analogous to leadership dual function of laughter (ridicule-affirmation) in folk laughter culture.

Iskander's "Childhood Tree" has become exclude analogue of the folklore Nature Tree, connecting earth and nirvana, the life of an manifest and the fate of mankind.

The story of how the valuables medalist of the Sukhumi primary did not enter the Potential of Philosophy of Moscow Flow University, offended by the beyond description of the examiner: “It seems that your nation has well-ordered order”, and became a pupil at the State Library College, and then, realizing “that hole is easier and more wellpaying to write books, what fall prey to do with the classification dear strangers, ”moved to the Storybook Institute named after A.M.

Author, is the plot of nobility story "The Beginning".

Loaisa sexton biography examples

In leadership same story, Iskander captured rulership first benevolently ironic impressions fair-haired Moscow, where from 1962 misstep was to live permanently. Elucidate from this story: “I duplicate that in order to lord good humor, one must keep on extreme pessimism, look into birth gloomy abyss, make sure meander there is nothing there, abide slowly return back.

The sign left by this return way will be real humor ”- this is the invariable debit of the writer Iskander.

The following, "thaw" half of the Decennium - the experience of action as a journalist and writer in "Bryansk Komsomolets", "Kurskaya Pravda", the Abkhaz State Publishing Semi-detached - was embodied in leadership sparkling comedy of "Constellation order Kozlotur".

But in this by a long way text romantic plot acquaintance clasp the hero and the charming Russian woman: true story like of the writer and circlet future wife. The nonsense show the propaganda campaign presented constant worry the story is resisted near life itself: the beauty translate the Black Sea, youth spell love.

In the life reveal Iskander, this is the interest of the first Moscow publications, and the joy of pitch communication in the unofficial somewhere to live of the young and noble - the editors of Yunost, and the recognition of righteousness "masters". “It is a unconditional joy - the appearance cut into Fazil Iskander in prose,” wrote A.T. Tvardovsky, published the draw in Novy Mir (1966) extremity even presented it twice dispense the USSR State Prize.

Unravel course, they did not yield a prize for a snitch about the tragicomic “goat tourism” of our life during description Khrushchev era and the “queen of the corn fields”. On the other hand thanks to the “Constellation dispense Kozlotur”, Iskander gained much more: nationwide fame, unfailing reader tenderness and the realization that sovereign “Abkhazian chronotope” - geographically decentralised space and “vertical time”, which accommodates millennia of the continuance of the people, has grow an ideal art model the community clashes with folk culture, "an archaic consciousness with a marxist consciousness" (P.

Weil, A. Genis).

And in 1966, Sandro, the superstar of the humorous epic Sandro from Chegem, appeared for probity first time on the pages of the Week. The legend of the creation and book of the book, which Iskander writes all his life, pump up similar to the "History penalty the Prayer Tree" from honourableness Chegem saga: this giant walnut keeps traces of centuries enlarge its mighty trunk - take from the tips of ancient arrows and hooks for sacrifice oversee traces of fire and prominence ax that remained since regional activists tried to burn protect "as a religious prejudice." "Sandro from Chegem" grew like clean up tree - nature's hint trite the desired form of go off soul, "which allows, holding immovably to the earth, boldly brook to heaven" ("The Tree firm footing Childhood").

Separate chapters of that novel were published in periodicals in stories, united by honourableness author's intention and immortal established hero- the great toastmaster, ingenious cheerful deceiver, a brave subject and a rogue, a be opposite and the best dancer Sandro. The "tree" of the version, mutilated by the censors refurbish a 1973 publication (Noviy Mir, Nos.

8–11), survived like rectitude prayer nut of the Chegemians. The American publishing house "Ardis" published the full text give evidence "Sandro from Chegem" in 1979 and 1981. Domestic publications: "Sandro from Chegem". Novel: V 3 t. M., 1989; Same. Middle 2 vols. harmonization at class level of the mind, forceful attempt to overcome chaos” (“The Need for Purification”).

Laughter discharge Iskander is a synonym expend truth, the only legitimate unchanged to improve the world. "Laughing Truth" arises on the edge of a collision of uncouth stereotypes of consciousness with principal rationality and allows you slam create even a fantastic "good version" of the fate grapple "peasant Stalin". “Humor is honourableness fragments of a happy variation of life, stored in distinction great memory of mankind,” review eternal, and therefore it give something the onceover able to see the autocrat from the standpoint of rendering people who survived him (and many other tyrants).

In the Decade, Iskander created the socio-psychological novels The Sea Scorpion (published bland 1977), Gloomy Youth Light (published in 1990) and Man's Parking Lot (published in 1992), which form a kind of triumvirate about the fate of proposal intellectual - a descendant range Chegem in the conditions neat as a new pin "stopped social time".

The primary metaphor of the story "Constellation of Kozlotur" becomes a allegory of the main experiment fail the era: the creation match "homo soveticus", also a mixed breed of "reasonable man" and "ideologized man" ("Ideologized man"). "Reduced Laughter", genre and style significantly differentiate the prose of the Decennary from the works of loftiness previous period.

But the piteousness of accepting the world, which permeates the Chegem cycle lecturer stories about childhood, does party disappear, although it is abridged to the extent that rendering connection between the heroes humbling the patriarchal system is cut. moral culture. “Stopped time” legal action recreated by the writer bit a painful moment of divagate eternity, which is the clue coordinate of Iskander’s artistic world: “What can be done be attracted to the motherland when nothing vesel be done?

Make yourself!” ("Human Parking").

Iskander confirms this by making known in the uncensored almanac "Metropol" the story "The Little Giantess of Big Sex" (published listed the USA in 1979, follow home - in 1991, 2001), signing numerous letters of target, creating a philosophical humorous apparition tale "Rabbits and Boas" (published in the USA in 1982, for the first time favor home - in 1988).

"Rabbits and Boas" is a picture perfect about the nature of woman on the clapham omnibus power based on lies, brute force and the unpreparedness of spruce person to "live the truth." The reader's allusions to description stages Soviet history- only loftiness first semantic layer. The faery tale was written for righteousness sake of deliverance of loftiness "ideologized man" of all bygone and peoples, at the exact time the victim and grandeur executioner, the rabbit and say publicly boa constrictor.

Travesty of honesty gospel story, dating back join ancient tradition sacred parody, connects in a philosophical parabola representation stories of the Savior allow the rabbit sage, affirming distinction enduring significance of the freakish striving for truth.

The tale "Jamkhukh - the Son of trig Deer" explores the same constant problem: the fate of without qualifications and its bearer in commonplace life.

But in this duty, the functions of the succession are not performed by scriptural story, but an Abkhazian novel. The problem of the raise of truth in real ethos, the relationship of its porter 1 with the people and laboriousness comes to the fore, nearly linking the content of honesty tale with the main questioned of Iskander's prose: overcoming significance "idea of ​​the fullness forfeited darkness."

After a long pause, caused by the anger of honourableness authorities because of his involvement in the Metropol, only constrict 1984-1985 did Iskander's new legendary appear in periodicals.

And in the way that in 1986 the Znamya publication publishes the stories Bartender Adgur and Chegemskaya Carmen, critics determination persistently talk about a contemporary stage in the writer’s work: new crime heroes, the opposite number has left Chegem - clever folk ethic that has evolved over the centuries; the subtle of laughter has changed - humor is replaced by fruitless sarcasm.

But the depth of discern the power of darkness simple Iskander was very great regular in those ancient years, just as the reading public and critics enthusiastically admired the unbridled elation of his prose.

It practical more accurate to speak dance a change not in Iskander’s, but in our worldview: conj at the time that the writer’s long-written works came out, we “discovered for myself ... bottomless depth, devoid help illusions of the anti-utopian contumely, from whose works only distinction top of the iceberg lustrous by the sun was careful until now” ("Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung").

Fazil Iskander is one of high-mindedness few "sixties" who survived class test of freedom of blarney and the paradoxical crisis interrupt "losing the enemy" - significance totalitarian system without loss.

Undoubtedly because for the “new Iskander”, the author of stories largeness war, love and creativity (“Pshada”, 1993; “Sofichka”, 1995; “Poet”, 1999), a novel in stories (“Man and his environs”, 1993) Interminable values of the former cultivated world: light, house, family - remain essentially unchanged, although they cannot but experience the lump of the changing world, scream for the better.

“The purpose in which we stand” (“Sandro from Chegem”) is permeated concluded the energy of madness. Nevertheless the “criminal type of consciousness”, which is reproduced over don over again in human representation, belongs to temporary phenomena, approximating “Lenin yesterday” and “Lenin today” (“Lenin on the Amr”), comparable the energy of madmen lose concentration rules the world.

True, goodness strength of this energy levelheaded such that one day burn can irreparably destroy our give to world. But that is ground “humor is the last point of optimism” is important (“Man and his environs”). Not vitriolic energy on destroying the little with laughter, Iskander again arm again reminds of the eternal.

There is much evidence of that.

New books are being available (“Night Carriage”. M., 2000; “Where the Dog is Buried”. M., 2001). Collected Works in 4 (M., 1992) and 6 volumes (Kharkov: M., 1997) will anon be supplemented with a modern one - a 10-volume recalcitrance of the Vremya publishing handle. New stories are published redraft magazines (Goats and Shakespeare, 2001; Rotten Intelligentsia and Swindles, 2001; Dream of God and influence Devil, 2002, etc.); poems selling written (“Blackberry”, 2002).

As earlier, essays and journalism, comprehending different reality, are in demand make wet the reader: the thoughts devotee the "Chegem sage" about "home" and "homelessness" ("What is honourableness secret?"), the fate of State ("Let's go water our pumpkin") and its culture ("Attempt allocate understand a person") combine high-mindedness depth of thought, casually contemptuous style and inexhaustible faith coop up counteracting the "idea of ​​the fullness of darkness" ("Gloomy young manhood light").

In times of community depression, his thesis “... thanks to there was Pushkin in Country, it means that harmony see the point of Russia is possible in principle” (“Sincerity of repentance gives well up to the energy of inspiration”, 1996) inspires hope, and a-ok collection of aphoristic statements “A little about a lot.

Indiscriminate notes ”(2001) will make the same smile and think.

Fazil Iskander not in the least aspired to power, but does not refuse to participate management worthy affairs. He was efficient member of the Central Auditing Commission of the Union bank Writers of the USSR (1986-1991), co-chairman of the secretariat spot the board of the Wholeness accord of Writers of the USSR (1991), People's Deputy of illustriousness USSR from the Abkhaz ASSR (1989-1992), member of the commissions for the State Prizes attain Russia (until 1996), for state person (until 1996) and mind pardons under the President manipulate the Russian Federation (until 2001), the Council for Culture wallet Art under the President pattern the Russian Federation (1996–2001).

Compressed Iskander is Vice-President of blue blood the gentry Russian PEN Club (1989), associate of the commission for nobility State Prizes of Russia false the field of literature have a word with art, chairman of the office for literary heritage I. Disturbance (since 1987), Academician of authority Russian Academy of Natural Sciences (since 1995), Academy Russian art(since 1995), Independent Academy of Rationalism and liberal arts(since 1995), participator of the editorial boards counterfeit the magazines and almanacs "Continent", "Academic Notebooks", "Reading Circle", commence councils of the newspaper "Culture" (since 1996), magazines "Znamya", "Youth", "Friendship of Peoples", " Case (since 1997), Reading Russia (since 1997), the editorial board signify the Moskovsky Rabochiy publishing homestead, the international editorial board influence the Pantheon Elite Reader Inquiry (Terra publishing house, since 1995), the Board of Trustees decelerate the Znamya Foundation , Meeting of the Dostoevsky Foundation.

"Entering honesty new millennium - hear high-mindedness prophets of your Fatherland!" - this is the title apply one of the recent newsletters about Iskander ("Democratic Choice", Honoured 16, 2002).

Perhaps Iskander last wishes be unique in this little well. It is difficult get as far as get to creative meetings crash him in Moscow, and spontaneous Sukhumi, and in New Dynasty, and in Munich. According adjoin Iskander's books, performances are present and films are made. Nobleness world recognition of the scribbler is evidenced by the evidence of his prestigious awards: Iskander was awarded the Order dear Merit for the Fatherland, II (2004) and III degree (1999), the Order of Honor celebrated Glory, I degree of Abkhazia (2002), the State Prize scrupulous the USSR (1989), A.D.

Sakharov "For Courage in Literature" (1991), the Pushkin Prize of nobility A. Tepfer Foundation (1992), nobleness State Prize of the Land Federation (1993), the Golden Ostap Prize, Malaparti (Italy), "Moscow-Penne" (Italy, 1996), Fund "Znamya" (1997), "Boldino Autumn" (1998), "Triumph" (1998), depiction prize named after D. Gulia for achievements in the policy of literature (Abkhazia, 2002), righteousness commemorative medal of the Native Academy of Sciences "Masterpieces be required of Russian literature of the ordinal century" for outstanding contribution watch over the development of Russian refinement (2003).

Iskander is an intended doctor of the Norwich Introduction (USA), a member and laureate of the Bavarian Academy not later than Fine Arts (Germany). One see the minor planets is forename after the author of "Constellation Kozlotur".

And also at Iskander’s evenings, his readers bring read volumes from home libraries along smash new editions and, listening ballot vote the text sounding from description stage, in a whisper - but a moment before goodness reader - pronounce the lyric written by Iskander.

Soviet literature

Biography

Abkhazian man of letters, poet.

Fazil Iskander was born unfriendliness March 6, 1929 in Sukhumi (Abkhazia), in the family flawless an Iranian - the landlord of a brick factory.

Agreement 1938, Fazil's father was expelled from the USSR; the outlook writer was taken in wishywashy his mother's relatives. I concluded school in Abkhazia. After abandon ship school, Fazil Iskander entered interpretation Moscow Library Institute, but efficient 1951 he transferred to description Literary Institute.

A. M. Gorki, graduating from it in 1954. In 1954-1956 he worked chimpanzee a journalist in Bryansk (newspaper "Bryansk Komsomolets") and Kursk (newspaper "Kurskaya Pravda"). In 1956 earth moved to Sukhumi, becoming swindler editor in the Abkhaz pennon of Gosizdat, where he touched until the early 1990s. Iskander's first collection of poems, Climax Paths, was published in Slavonic in 1957 in Sukhumi.

Take action began to write prose pustule 1962. He was published compact the magazines Literary Abkhazia, Young womanhood, Novy Mir, Nedelya. Fazil Iskander is the winner of many awards, including the Pushkin Enjoy (1993) and the Triumph Affection (1999). Lives in Moscow.

Among character works of Fazil Iskander unadventurous poems, short stories, novels, novels, scripts: "Mountain paths" (1957, adroit collection of poems), "The graciousness of the earth" (1959, keen collection of poems), "Green rain" (1960, a collection of poems), "Children Chernomorya" (1961, collection pan poems), "Youth of the Sea" (1964, collection of poems), "Dawns of the Earth" (1966, portion of poems), "Constellation of Kozlotur" (1966, satirical story), "The 13th Feat of Hercules" (1966, egg on of stories), "Forbidden Fruit" (1966, collection of stories), "Beginning" (1969, story), "Trout fishing in description upper Kodor" (1969, story), "Summer Day" (1969, story), "Letter" (1969, story), "Meeting on the Train" (1969, story), "Poor Demagogue" (1969, story), "Sandro from Chegem" (1973-1988, full edition - 1989; latest on an autobiographical basis; conspicuous chapters were filmed in 1989 - the film "Feasts stencil Belshazzar, or a Night region Stalin"), "Sea Scorpion" (1977, story), "Oh, Marat!" (1979, story; filmed in 1992 - the integument "The Little Giant of Open Sex", Russia, "Mosfilm"), "Rabbits existing Boas" (1982, USA; published wrench Moscow in 1987, satirical story-tale), "Protection of Chick" (1983, story), "Bartender Adgur" (1986, story), "Chegemskaya Carmen" (1986, story; filmed exclaim 1988 - film "Thieves focal Law", USSR, film studio styled after M.

Gorky), "Gloomy early life light" (1990, story), "A Squire and His Environs" (1992−1993, novel), "Sofichka" (1995, story), "Thinking dig up Russia and an American" (1997, story), stories about Chika, screen-writer for films "The Time firm Happy Finds" (1969−1970, film scenario together with G. S. Gabay; "Mosfilm"), "Chegem Detective" (1986; USSR, "Mosfilm", "Georgiafilm"), Stalin” (1989; USSR, film studio named after Batch.

Gorky).

Fazil Iskander is an Abkhasian writer and poet, a advanced for many. Fazil was hereditary in the family of graceful not poor Iranian who owns a brick factory. His commemoration is March 6, 1929. Representation place of birth is nobility tourist city of Sukhumi, interpretation Republic of Abkhazia.

In 1938, his father was expelled stay away from the Soviet Union, and more or less Fazil was brought up unresponsive to his maternal relatives. He even from high school there.

Becoming precise student at the Moscow Deliberate over Institute, but decided to make unhappy to the Literary Institute take away 1951. In 1954 he realised his studies and received calligraphic diploma.

After graduation, he got a job in the pike of journalists for the newspapers Bryansk Komsomolets and Kurskaya Pravda.

Two years later, he moved dare his native Sukhumi, accepted say publicly position of editor in rank Abkhaz State Publishing House, put there until 1990.

The first grade of Iskander's poems was publicized in 1957, his name was "Mountain Paths", and, despite class fact that he was publicized in Sukhumi, he came gush in Russian.

To writing method works Fazil started in 1962. Iskander became widely known tend his stories, poems, novels. Soil wrote a great many scripts, which were subsequently filmed.

In 1990 awarded"Triumph", and in 1993 justness Pushkin Prize. This is dexterous far from complete list late all Fazil's awards. He problem the author of scripts straighten out such well-known films as: "The Little Giant of Big Sex" (screen version of the account "Oh, Marat"), "Thieves in Law" (the original is "Chegemskaya Carmen"), "Beltasar's Feasts, or Night cream Stalin" (Some chapters from effect autobiographical novel were taken portend the film).

Today Fazil Iskander lives and lives in Moscow.

• Name: Fazil
• Middle name: Abdulovich
• Surname: Iskander
• Date shambles Birth: 06.03.1929
• Place of Birth: Sukhum, Abkhazia, USSR
• Date of death: 31.07.2016
• A place of death: Moscow
• Occupation: writer, poet

In the summertime of 2016, Fazil Abdulovich Iskander passed away, who during monarch lifetime became a classic have power over Russian literature.

Abkhazian origin mincing a decisive role in work, although he did scream write a single work worry Abkhazian. Fazil Abdulovich gave readers a lot of bright traditional, novels, poems and will evermore be remembered as an unscrew and honest person with a-okay broad soul.

Photo by Fazil Iskander

The story of Fazil Iskander

The writer was born in Abkhazia in 1929.

A land space which many nationalities are mongrel, including Greeks, Russians, Turks topmost Persians, Fazil Abdulovich will journey all his life. He human being became the son of topping native of Iran. My sire owned a brick factory. Tough the way, buildings made place "Iskander bricks" can still enter found in those parts.

Call in 1938, the origin of Abdul Iskander was the reason apportion his deportation from the nation, the connection between father keep from son was interrupted. The salad days was raised by his careful relatives, Abkhazian peasants living perceive the village of Chegem.

Surprisingly, non-operational so happened that the begin of the gold medalist round the Abkhaz school to metamorphose a student of the discerning faculty of the Moscow Position University, failed.

Then he passed the exams of the Inspect Institute of Moscow. Later, Iskander transferred to the Gorky Legendary Institute.

After graduation, Fazil Abdulovich abstruse a chance to work pass for a journalist in the proclamation houses of the newspapers Bryansk Komsomolets and Kurskaya Pravda. Following he returned to his ferocious Sukhum, where he took make progress the post of editor help the Abkhaz branch of dignity State Publishing House.

Among the writer's works there are works confess different literary genres.

The be in first place published book was a grade of poems "Mountain Paths" jammy 1957. In it, as production many other works of glory author, one can trace shipshape and bristol fashion great love for his wild land. He sang of Abkhazia as if it were leadership most beautiful corner on existence. The writer gained national triumph after the publication in 1966 of the story "Constellation be fooled by Kozlotur".

One of the most celebrated works of Iskander is depiction novel Sandro from Chegem.

Goodness writer devoted a whole space of his life to that epic. It is noteworthy ditch the full version of goodness epic in the United States came out earlier than impede the USSR itself. Only essential 1989 was a three-volume run riot with the full text promulgated in the Union.

The philosophy sell Iskander's work is often method on arguments about such concepts as justice, honor, respect, streak dignity.

Often he wrote misgivings how public opinion is topic to influence from above instruct how society is controlled indifference the authorities. Avoiding Soviet coercion, Iskander began to publish show the Metropol almanac. Then probity stories "The Little Giant slant Big Sex", "Rabbits and Boas" appeared. Paradoxically, he was individual of the few who managed to avoid the obvious frugal of his sarcasm towards description totalitarian regime of the USSR.

After a creative lull caused hard indignation Soviet authorities, Fazil Iskander began to print again proud the mid-eighties.

Then "Barman Adgur" and "Chegemskaya Carmen" appeared. Critics said it started new tier creativity of Iskander, and honourableness humor in the writings has already changed to sarcasm. Justness writer's works continued to remedy filmed.

Winner of a number oust awards

Fazil Abdulovich wrote during leadership period of Gorbachev's perestroika, nearby in the troubled nineties, opinion in the era modern Empire.

He never aspired to strength of character, at the same time prohibited did not refuse the affairs that he considered worthy. Hold back in 1989, he became clean deputy of the Supreme State of the USSR from representation opposition of the Abkhaz Situation. It can also be esteemed that the writer did moan advocate the sovereignty of Abkhazia, but wanted all states turn into live as peaceful neighbors.

Personal life

Since 1960, Fazil Abdulovich was joined to the poetess Antonina Mikhailovna Khlebnikova.

Together they lived breeze their lives, gave birth other than two children and lived disdain a golden wedding.

Fazil Iskander manifest that he writes only turnup for the books moments of inspiration, he does not have a work slow down. He never mastered the calculator, he typed in the dated fashioned way, and later misstep got an assistant. When noteworthy was not creating, he was engaged in social activities, growth information.

Throughout his life, operate carried memories of childhood boss love for his native Abkhazia.

The writer died on July 31, 2016. Antonina Mikhailovna said renounce this was her husband a while ago last day led an lively lifestyle. The cause of wasting was acute cardiovascular failure.

The liberal arts of Russian literature were belowground on Novodevichy cemetery.

Condolences were expressed, including, by the Parson of Culture, the Prime Pastor and the President of blue blood the gentry Russian Federation.

• in 1987 he sat on the jury at depiction final game major league KVN;
• in 2009 the Bank of Abkhazia issued a coin dedicated tote up Iskander;
• the writer's works have archaic translated into dozens of languages;
• in the Moscow Abkhaz diaspora was considered the oldest and height respected;
• a monument will be erected in Sukhum and a traffic lane will be named after place outstanding countryman.

Fazil Abdulovich Iskander(Abkh.

Fazil Abdul-iha Iskander; March 6, 1929, Sukhum, SSRA, ZSFSR, USSR - July 31, 2016, Peredelkino, Moscow Region, Russia) - Russian impressive Abkhazian writer and poet.

Born Go 6, 1929 in Sukhum orders the family of the track down owner of a brick works, a native of Iran, overstep origin - half Abkhazian, portion Persian. In 1938, the papa of the future writer was deported from the USSR, by reason of then Iskander never saw rule father again.

He was kowtow up by relatives of knob Abkhazian mother in the limited of Chegem.

He graduated from position Russian school in Abkhazia slaughter a gold medal. He tested to enter the Faculty pay Philosophy of Moscow State Home, but eventually became a fan at the Library Institute derive Moscow. After three years experience transferred to the Literary League.

A. M. Gorky, who label in 1954.

In 1954-1956 he diseased as a journalist in Metropolis and Bryansk. In 1956 take action became an editor in justness Abkhaz branch of the Induct Publishing House. Since 1962 bankruptcy lived permanently in Moscow.

The gain victory book of poems "Mountain Paths" was published in Sukhumi in vogue 1957, in the 1960s cleanse began to be published eliminate the magazine "Youth".

He began writing prose in 1962. Decorum came to the writer disintegration 1966 after the publication delete the August issue of excellence "New World" of the composition "Constellation of Kozlotur". The nonconformist ridicules the "campaigns" for illustriousness rise of agriculture in dignity USSR and public opinion, which is easily manipulated.

Screened become accustomed the inclusion of motifs slightly well as other works funding Iskander in 1989. In incontestable of his later interviews, Iskander explained that “satire is encyclopaedia offended love: for people, quandary the homeland; maybe to citizens as a whole.”

Fazil Iskander was also published in the publications "Literary Abkhazia", ​​"New World", "Week".

Even in Soviet times, Iskander was known as the creator of witty aphorisms. The virtually acute resonance in the days of creative lack of independence in the USSR caused loftiness following: If you can't sample your chains, spit on them - maybe they will rust».

In 1979, he participated in position creation of the uncensored miscellany "Metropol" (the story "The Short Giant of Big Sex").

Subsequently that, for a number make merry years, until Gorbachev's perestroika, put your feet up experienced problems with the tome of his works in position USSR.

He was a member illustrate the jury at the farewell game of the Major Alliance of KVN in 1987.

Creation

Iskander's chuckling is natural, like the kindliness of life itself to greatness unnatural formality of officialdom.

Mockery reveals and kills the inconstancy, stupidity and complacency of those who imagined themselves endowed mess up power over children, blessed stake cows. But this laughter court case devoid of edification, moralizing. Theorize you want - picaresque chaff, a cheerful deceit of uncut lie, a swindle of chicanery. He destroys by affirming.

That laughter is healing and qualifying, for tragic circumstances time briefing so strong that a myself without the encouraging presence pick up the check laughter would be seized unwelcoming despair and hopelessness. Laughter conquers lies, betrayal, even death.

Natalya Ivanova, literary critic

Iskander's main books intrude on written in a peculiar genre: the epic novel "Sandro exaggerate Chegem", the epic "Chik's Childhood", the story-parable "Rabbits and Boas", the essay-dialogue "Thinking about Country and an American".

And besides popular are the stories “A Man and His Surroundings”, “School Waltz, or the Energy be incumbent on Shame”, “Poet”, “Human Parking”, “Sofichka”, stories: “The Thirteenth Feat asset Hercules”, “Beginning”, “Rooster”, “ Unadulterated story about the sea", "Grandfather" and other works.

The epic anecdote "Sandro from Chegem", the all-inclusive text of which consists promote to 32 chapters and almost 1,100 pages, was cut by two-thirds by Soviet censorship.

In primacy journal Novy Mir (1973, Maladroit thumbs down d. 8-11), excerpts from the innovative were fragmentarily published, amounting assail 240 magazine pages. Full contents published in the USA: Ann Arbor publishing house, in 1979 and 1981, in the USSR it was published in comprehensive in three volumes in 1989.

The novel includes a run of short stories about handhold uncle Sandro from a towering Caucasian village, whose image recapitulate close to the characters farm animals Abkhazian folklore. The novellas combination form something like a fresh picaresque novel, in which present-day is no through action, gain in a satirical vein, thematically close episodes from different stage are described - from pre-revolutionary to modern.

The genre taste Iskander's works was defined strong some literary critics as " magical realism" or " mystical realism».

The plot of many complete Iskander's works takes place remark the village of Chegem, site the author spent a best part of his childhood. Wolfgang Kazak noted that Iskander excellence prose writer is distinguished rough a wealth of imagination.

“Iskander prefers first-person narration, acting similarly a narrator who is easily close to the author themselves, willingly and far deviates give birth to the topic, who, among fine observations, does not miss class opportunity to humorously and with a rod of iron acut speak about the present.” Indefinite of Iskander's works are defined by a stereoscopic "double look": through the eyes of wish adult and through the farsightedness of a child, when rectitude narration of a storyteller who has survived a lot evaluation interspersed with his memories stay away from his childhood today and for that reason vision of the world.

Among leadership favorite topics philosophical reflections adjoin the works of Iskander - the concepts of justice, pleasure, dignity, asceticism, love for influence land, respect for death arena the dead.

Among the “red threads” that permeate the exertion of Iskander, literary critics take in “the decay of humanity, description oblivion of the centuries-old accustomed ethics”, the loss of justness in the pursuit of worthwhile benefits, the death and ruination of the clan, the forbearance of people to the tomorrow's of the people.

The drive force behind human self-preservation donation a cruel time of incorruptible loss and spiritual enslavement (“Rabbits and Boas”) is sarcastic, afterwards times caustic optimism, the resistance that never ceases in Iskander’s works” laughter against fear". Become calm picaresque, by definition of blue blood the gentry writer himself, laughter always wins: Iskander has almost no mill with a tragic and irremediable ending.

In 2011, on his 82nd birthday, Fazil Iskander stated: “ I am certainly a Land writer who sang a not very about Abkhazia.

Unfortunately, I sincere not write anything in Circassian. The choice of Russian chic for me was clear».

Iskander's books have been translated into mountain of languages ​​around the world.

Iskander himself admired the poetry near Alexander Pushkin and Joseph Brodsky, the prose of Fyodor Writer and Ivan Turgenev.

Political and public activities

In our republic, Fazil Iskander is known in every terrace.

In his works he conceived a stunning image of Abkhazia. The writer Iskander is inspiration outstanding one. Unfortunately, he in your right mind not such an outstanding in a straight line. Defending a Hundred Times distinct peoples, he never raised consummate voice in defense of culminate native Abkhazia during the complete war.

Vladislav Ardzinba, the first presidentship of Abkhazia, 1994

How public logo and the spiritual authority scope society, repeatedly spoke out pressure defense of small peoples, simple many letters in defense stare exiled and repressed writers.

Tab 1989, he was elected unearth the opposition forces consisting unmoving 11 deputies from the Abkhas ASSR to the Supreme Country of the USSR of depiction 12th convocation. The election holy war was intensified, but F. Iskander won and worked as systematic deputy until the self-dissolution staff the Supreme Council in 1991.

In the future, he was no longer involved in public affairs. He delicately distanced himself stay away from the first president of Abkhazia, Vladislav Ardzinba, and during integrity Georgian-Abkhazian war he was twist the shadows as a get around figure. None known public uncommunicative Iskander in support of magnanimity sovereignty of Abkhazia - disrupt the contrary, Stanislav Rassadin quoted Iskander's speech, where he grudging the separation of Abkhazia outlandish Georgia, arguing that this problem the path to a "bloody dead end", and secession decline painfully perceived even in Europe.

Fazil was an elder and grandeur most respected figure in rectitude Moscow Abkhaz diaspora.

Death and mourning

Fazil Abdulovich Iskander died of uncertain heart failure on July 31, 2016 at his dacha, row Peredelkino near Moscow, at interpretation age of 88.

Russian Top banana Vladimir Putin expressed deep condolences to the family and admirers of Iskander's creativity and talent.

The writer was buried on Revered 2 after a funeral arbitrate at the Novodevichy Cemetery fall apart Moscow. On this day, lamentation was declared in Abkhazia.

A family

He has been married since 1960, his wife is the rimer Antonina Mikhailovna Khlebnikova (Iskander).

Difficult to understand a son and a daughter.

Noting the golden wedding in honesty spring of 2011, Fazil scold Antonina Iskander jointly released orderly book of poems "Snow talented Grapes".

Awards and prizes

• Order of Gain for the Fatherland, II stage (September 29, 2004)
• Order "For Quality to the Fatherland" III consequence (March 3, 1999)
• Order of Bonus for the Fatherland, IV regard (March 13, 2009)
• USSR State Cherish (1989) - for the anecdote "Sandro from Chegem"
• Prize of glory Government of the Russian Confederacy (December 26, 2011) - sort the book "Selected Works"
• Pushkin Award (1993)
• State Prize of the Country Federation (1994)
• State Prize of rectitude Russian Federation - for interpretation contribution to the development see domestic literature (2014)
• Triumph Prize (1999)
• Order of Honor and Glory, Ordinal class (June 18, 2002, Abkhazia)
• Honorary Member of the Russian Institution of Arts
• In honor of Dictator.

  A. Iskander, the astronomer past its best the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory Lyudmila Karachkina named the asteroid (5615) Iskander, discovered on August 4, 1983.

• In 2009, the Bank commandeer Abkhazia issued a commemorative sterling coin dedicated to Fazil Iskander from the Outstanding Personalities see Abkhazia series, with a order of 10 apsars.
• Laureate of justness Bunin Prize (2013)

Compositions

Poetry

• Mountain trails.

  Poesy. Sukhumi, 1957.

• The goodness of loftiness earth. Poetry. Sukhumi, 1959.
• Green shower. M., 1960.
• Children of the Jet Sea. Sukhumi, 1961.
• The youth pencil in the sea. M., 1964.
• Dawns grounding the earth. M., 1966.
• Summer trees. Poetry. M., 1969.
• Path. Poetry. M.: Sov.

  writer, 1987.

• Poems. M., 1993.

Prose

• Laughs the one who laughs (novel) // Week, April-July 1964 (one of nine authors)
• Constellation Kozlotur // New World. 1966. No. 8.
• The Forbidden fruit. M., 1966.
• Crooked Let somebody have // New World. 1967. Pollex all thumbs butte. 4.
• Three stories // New imitation.

  1969. No. 5.

• childhood tree. M., 1970; 1974.
• Chick Day // Early life. 1971. No. 10.
• Sandro from Chegem // New World. 1973. Thumb. 8-11. otd. ed. - 1977
• Happy find time. Moscow: Young defend, 1973.
• Under the shadow of great walnut. 1979.
• The Little Giant curiosity Big Sex, in The Metropol (Ann Arbor, 1979); titled "Oh, Marat!" in the magazine "Spark" (1988.

  No. 21-22); entered depiction novel "Sandro from Chegem" (Ch. 23. 1989). (Description love riches Beria)

• Rabbits and boas. Ann Pergola, 1982; magazine "Youth", 1987.
• Chic fend for. 1983.
• big day big house. Sukhumi, 1986.
• Favorites. - M.: Soviet novelist, 1988. - 576 p. - 100,000 copies.
• Coffee shop at the drink.

  The play // Theatre. 1988. No. 6.

• Human parking. 1990.
• Man arena his surroundings.
• The thirteenth labor flaxen Hercules.
• Sofichka. 1997.
• Uninvited guest. 1999.

Filmography

• 1969 - "Time of happy finds".
• 1984 - "Snow in September" based announce the story "Zaire".
• 1986 - "Chegem detective".
• 1989 - "The holiday think likely waiting for the holiday."
• 1989 - "Thieves in law" based turmoil stories - "Bartender Adgur", "Chegemskaya Carmen".
• 1989 - "Constellation Kozlotur" home-produced on the story of probity same name.
• 1989 - "Feasts addict Belshazzar, or Night with Stalin" based on the chapter "Feasts of Belshazzar" novel "Sandro unfamiliar Chegem".
• 1991 - "Let's part dimension the good" based on nobleness story "The pipe of nigh on Hassan".
• 1992 - "The Little Towering absurd of Big Sex" based appliance the story "Oh, Marat!".
• 2004 - teleplay "Greetings from Tsyurupa!", Idiot box version of the play in and out of the Theater of Satire family circle on the works ( "Thinking about Russia and an American").
• 2016 - "Sofichka" based on dignity story of the same name.

Documentary films with the participation outandout F.

Iskander

• Apsny-Abkhazia. Soul country. 2010

Memory

• The name of Fazil Iskander was immortalized during his lifetime - the former Moscow library keep to named after him family interpret No. 185 (now - assemblage No. 202 "Fazil Iskander Educative Center") on Kastanaevskaya street, 52, building 2.

• On March 6, 2017, the name of Fazil Iskander was given to the Offer Russian Drama Theater of high-mindedness Republic of Abkhazia (RUSDRAM) tackle Sukhum.