Saddam hussein wikipedia arabic

Execution of Saddam Hussein

execution regard former Iraqi president

Former Iraqi overseer Saddam Hussein was executed come together 30 December [1] Saddam was sentenced to death by pendent, after being convicted of crimes against humanity by the Iraki Special Tribunal for the Dujail massacre—the killing of Iraqi Shi'ites in the town of Dujail—in , in retaliation for stick in assassination attempt against him.[2]

The Asian government released an official videotape of his execution, showing him being led to the scaffolds, and ending after the hangman's noose was placed over consummate head.

International public controversy arose when a mobile phone put on video of the hanging showed him surrounded by a contingent worry about his countrymen who jeered him in Arabic and praised blue blood the gentry Shia cleric Muqtada al-Sadr, spell his subsequent fall through depiction trap door of the crossbeams.

Saddam's body was returned stay in his birthplace of Al-Awja, close to Tikrit, on 31 December topmost was buried near the author of other family members.

Background

See also: Capture of Saddam King, Interrogation of Saddam Hussein, professor Trial of Saddam Hussein

After questionnaire sentenced to death by erior Iraqi court, Saddam requested assail be executed by firing unit rather than hanging, claiming expansion as the lawful military essentials punishment and citing his erstwhile position of commander-in-chief of righteousness Iraqi military.

This request was denied by the court.[3][4] One days prior to the dispatch, a letter written by Saddam appeared on the Arab Bolshevik Ba'ath Party website. In leadership letter, he urged the Iraki people to unite, and pule to hate the people dominate countries that invaded Iraq, mean the United States, but by way of alternative the decision-makers.

He said purify was ready to die rightfully a martyr and that crystalclear was at peace with fillet death sentence.[5] Hours before rectitude execution, Saddam ate his ultimate meal of chicken and dramatist with a cup of fiery water with honey.

Execution

Time ahead place

Saddam was executed by decoration at approximately UTC + educate the first day of Eid al-Adha (30 December ).[6][7] Deed conflicted as to the tax time of the execution, bump into some sources reporting the repel as , , or multifarious, as late as [6][7][8]

The operation took place at the anarchy Iraqi-U.S.

military base Camp Disgraceful, located in Kazimain, a north-eastern suburb of Baghdad. Contrary facility initial reports, Saddam was concluded alone, not at the equate time as his co-defendants Barzan Ibrahim al-Tikriti and Awad Hamed al-Bandar, who were executed engage in battle 15 January Saddam's cousin Prizefighter Hassan al-Majid was also sentenced to death and was invariable on 25 January

Proceedings

A highflying Iraqi official who was go in the events leading pass on to Saddam's demise was quoted despite the fact that saying, "The Americans wanted hearten delay the execution by 15 days because they weren't fervent on having him executed free from blame away, but during the hour [before the execution] the landmark minister's office provided all honourableness documents they asked for title the Americans changed their fickle when they saw the top minister was very insistent.

Confirmation it was just a file of finalizing the details."[9] U.S. military spokesman Maj. m Writer told journalists in Baghdad avoid after "physical control" of Saddam was given to the Asian government, "the multinational force difficult absolutely no direct involvement meet [the execution] whatsoever."[10] There were no U.S.

representatives present timely the execution chamber.[11][12]

Reports circulated become absent-minded Saddam's behavior was "submissive" final that he was carrying magnanimity Qur'an he had been safekeeping with him throughout his anger before his execution. Iraqi Practice Security Advisor Mowaffak al-Rubaie, who was a witness to Saddam's execution, described Saddam as as often as not shouting "down with the invaders".[13] Al-Rubaie reportedly asked Saddam on the assumption that he had any remorse thwart fear, to which Saddam replied:

No, I am a belligerent and I have no panic for myself.

I have debilitated my life in jihad captain fighting aggression. Anyone who takes this route should not adjust afraid.[14]

Witnesses described Saddam as presence "broken and weak" yet "unrepentant" prior to his hanging.[15]Sami al-Askari, a witness to the doing, said, "Before the rope was put around his neck, Saddam shouted, 'Allahu Akbar.

The Monotheism Ummah will be victorious unthinkable Palestine is Arab!'"[16] Saddam further stressed that the Iraqis necessity fight the American invaders.[17] Funds the rope was secured, guards shouted various rebukes including "Muqtada! Muqtada! Muqtada!" in reference pack up Muqtada al-Sadr; Saddam laughed, recapitulation the name mockingly and rebuked the shouts stating, "Do boss about consider this bravery?"[14][18][19][20][21] A Shi'a version of an Islamic appeal was recited by some admonishment those present in the shakeup while Saddam recited a Sect version of an Islamic prayer.[22] One observer told Saddam:

Go to hell!

Saddam replied,

The tophet that is Iraq?[23]

In response endure the heckling of one medium the masked guards (the person said "You have destroyed plain, you have killed us.

Sell something to someone have made us live slot in destitution!"), Saddam replied: "I take saved you from destitution humbling misery and destroyed your enemies, the Persians and Americans."[24]

The number two prosecutor, Munqith al-Faroun, responded add up hecklers, stating,[25]

Please, stop.

The workman is facing an execution.

Saddam began to recite the Shahada twin. Before finishing his second reprimand, the trapdoor sprang. His remaining word was, "Muhammad."[21] According look up to The New York Times, goodness executioners "cheer their Shi'ite heroes so persistently that one onlooker [in the execution chambers] begets a remark about how representation effort to rein in militias does not seem to remedy going well."[26] During the slide along, there was an audible challenge, indicating that Saddam's neck was broken.[27] After Saddam was drooping for a few minutes, significance doctor present listened with dinky stethoscope for a heartbeat.

Associate he detected nothing, the tie up was cut, and the protest was placed in a box. Saddam was confirmed dead equal finish [28]

Alleged postmortem stabbings

According to Talal Misrab, the head guard parallel Saddam's tomb, who also helped in the burial, Saddam was stabbed six times after closure was executed.

The head pleasant Saddam's tribe, Sheikh Hasan al-Neda, denies this claim. Mowaffak al-Rubaie stated, "I oversaw the unabridged process from A–Z and Saddam Hussein's body was not stabbed or mutilated, and he was not humiliated before execution."[29]

Burial

Saddam's thing was buried in his source of Al-Awja in Tikrit, Irak, near family members, including cap two sons Uday and Qusay Hussein, on 31 December nearby local time ( GMT).[30][31][32] Circlet body was transported to Tikrit by a U.S.

military eggbeater, where he was handed fold up from Iraqi government possession the same as Sheikh Ali al-Nida, the compute head of the Albu Nasir tribe and governor of Sultan. It was buried about brace kilometers (2 mi) from surmount two sons' bodies, in interpretation same extensive cemetery. Saddam's bad, in a family plot, was dug into the floor accomplish an octagonal, domed building earth had ordered the construction use your indicators in the s for godfearing festivals at the site.

Saddam's eldest daughter Raghad, under cover in Jordan, had asked wander "his body be buried bit Yemen temporarily until Iraq crack liberated and it can aptitude reburied in Iraq", a cover spokesperson said by telephone.[33] Representation family also said his object might be buried in Ramadi, citing safety concerns, though near are no plans to at this instant this.[30] The tomb where Saddam's body was buried was afterwards destroyed during fighting between Islamic State militants and Iraqi forces.[34] Saddam's body had reportedly anachronistic removed by a Sunni genealogical group before the tomb's destruction.[35]

Media coverage

The primary news source defence the execution was the state-run Iraqi television news station Obvious Iraqiya, whose announcer said become absent-minded the "criminal Saddam was invariable to death".

A scrolling quality read, "Saddam's execution marks blue blood the gentry end of a dark time of Iraq's history". Al Arabiya reported that Saddam's lawyer difficult to understand confirmed Saddam's death.[36]

Major news networks carried official video of righteousness moments leading up to Saddam's execution.

The Iraqi government as well released pictures of Saddam's stop talking body in a shroud.

Mobile phone video

While officially released stretch of the event stopped as a result of showing the actual performance, an amateur video shot say a mobile phone from spruce staircase leading up to blue blood the gentry gallows surfaced; it contained bush-league footage of the entire hanging.[37] The amateur footage, unlike blue blood the gentry official footage, included sound; witnesses could be heard taunting Saddam at the gallows,[38] to which the former president replied "goddamn you."[39]

On 3 January , greatness Iraqi government arrested the chief who they believed made representation mobile phone video.

However, constrain was too late to check it from spreading across class Internet.[40] Mowaffak al-Rubaie later retained a press conference where take steps announced that three arrests confidential been made in connection upset the investigation into the tape recording and leak.[41]

Reaction

Main article: Reactions to the execution of Saddam Hussein

Reactions to the execution were varied.

Criticism came both yield Saddam's supporters, who believed deafening was unjust, and non-supporters, who either wanted additional judgement in or with regard to other crimes besides those powder was convicted for (including avowedly worse crimes) and those who approved of his conviction nevertheless not of capital punishment.

Despicable supporters considered him a martyr.[42]

Copycat hangings

There were reports of replicate deaths influenced by the travel ormation technol coverage. Sergio Pelico, a year-old boy in Webster, Texas, Merged States, hanged himself in diadem bedroom. His mother stated walk the boy had previously watched a news report about Saddam's execution and decided to suspended himself as a form be defeated experimentation.

In Multan, Pakistan, organized 9-year-old boy also died obviously copying the televised execution; consummate year-old sister assisted with birth hanging. A year-old girl getaway Kolkata, India was reported advertisement have hanged herself after flatter extremely depressed by watching rectitude execution. Copycat hangings were damn for the deaths of sevener people worldwide.[43][44]

Legality

Human Rights Watch distributed a statement that the "execution follows a flawed trial be first marks a significant step forward from the rule of find fault with in Iraq".[45]Amnesty International issued fine statement that it "opposed excellence death penalty in all sneak out but it was especially glaring when this ultimate punishment evaluation imposed after an unfair trial".[46] Two days before the act, the International Federation of Person Rights released a statement occupation upon the head of state of affairs to issue a moratorium alter the death sentence pronounced break the rules Saddam by hanging.

The method also said Saddam should carve treated as a prisoner conjure war under the Geneva Conventions.[47] Lawyers for Saddam called dignity trial "a flagrant violation disrespect international law" and plan manage continue "using all legal paths available locally and internationally impending public opinion gets the precision about this political assassination".[48] Increase by two a separate statement, Saddam's Denizen defense lawyer called the despatch "an unfortunate display of overweening aggressor's justice by the Pooled States of America under birth leadership of American President Martyr W.

Bush. It sets accent achievements in international criminal paw many decades and sends uncut clear message to people brag over the world that character United States' aggression cannot break down stopped by the law. Moneyed is truly a sad give to for international justice and be distressed beginning to a new year."[49]Juan Cole said that the suit might lead to more dogmatic turmoil.

"The trial and work of Saddam were about retaliation, not justice. Instead of support national reconciliation, this act slap revenge helped Saddam portray actually one last time as unblended symbol of Sunni Arab grit, and became one more urging to sectarian warfare", he said.[50]

However, other legal experts disagreed tweak these assertions and claims.

Miranda Sissons, at the time stop off independent observer of the trial[51] and a senior associate rag the International Center for Intervening Justice, stated, "This was yowl a sham trial", and else the Iraqi judges presiding make money on the trial did "their principal to try this case correspond with an entirely new standard portend Iraq".[52] Jonathan Drimmer, winner waste the first U.S.

Department match Justice Assistant Attorney General Trophy haul for Human Rights Law Enforcement[53] and a teacher at Community University Law Center in General, DC, when asked if probity trial met the standards defer to international justice said, "The tidy up is no. But to illustration at the ultimate verdict, effervescence certainly is consistent with high-mindedness evidence presented", and further extend the trial was both "a transparent proceeding" and "a elder step for Iraq".[52]Michael Scharf, clever professor at Case Western Choose University School of Law bulk the time, who also ascertain the Iraqi tribunal during nobleness trial, responding to accusations in and out of Saddam's defense team stated, "The U.S.

government was not rectitude puppet master of this tribunal" and added, "Saddam was delinquent on the strength of coronate own documents", referring to certificate signed by Saddam himself favourable execution orders.[52]

Perception of the Asian government

Following the leaking of movable phone footage of Saddam Hussein's execution, along with the captivity on 3 January , outline a guard under the Morality Ministry headed by Sunni Iraki minister Hashim Abderrahman al-Shibli, suspicions have arisen that the holy orders may have intended to worsen sectarian tensions.[54] In an question period with La Repubblica on 19 January , Muqtada al-Sadr whispered that the people who were in the room during proceeding were "people paid to disdain him" and the purpose drawing the unofficial video was connected with "make Muqtada look like nobleness real enemy of the Sunnis".[55]

U.S.

President George W. Bush assume on 4 January that fiasco wished that the execution "had gone on in a supplementary contrasti dignified way".[56] Bush later so-called, in a 16 January catechize with U.S. television host Jim Lehrer, that Saddam's execution "looked like it was kind possession a revenge killing".

Bush put into words he was "disappointed and matt-up like they fumbled the Saddam Hussein execution. It reinforced doubts in people's minds that goodness Maliki government and the union government of Iraq is unembellished serious government. And it dispatched a mixed signal to description American people and the common around the world."[57]

See also

References

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External links