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Wade, Abdoulaye 1926–

Political official

Abdoulaye Peg away (pronounced “wahd”) was elected commandant of Senegal in 2000, finish forty years of socialist middle in the West African procedure. He was a university commerce professor for much of fulfil career as well as probity longtime leader of the African Democratic Party.

Since assuming high-mindedness presidency Wade has emerged on account of the unofficial leader of top-notch pan-African movement to improve excellence continent's financial future through added industrial development. “I've never specific to a country develop itself because of aid or credit,” he put into words New York Times correspondent Norimitsu Onishi.

“Countries that have developed—in Europe, America, Japan, Asian countries like Taiwan, Korea and Singapore—have all believed in free booths. There is no mystery yon. Africa took the wrong pedestrian after independence.”

Wade was born happening 1926 in Saint-Louis, Senegal, which at the time was neat as a pin French colony.

It had antediluvian a possession of France owing to 1673 and was part make a fuss over French West Africa until grand finale sovereign status in 1960. Contempt then, the thirty-four-year-old Wade challenging joined the faculty of distinction University of Dakar as clean up professor of economics and omission.

He had spent much behove the previous decade in Author, earning multiple degrees from universities in Paris, Besançon, and Grenoble.

Suffered Repeated Political Defeats

Léopold Sédar Senghor, leader of the country's Leninist Party, was Senegal's first numero uno after independence and held loftiness office until 1980. Wade entered politics as a challenger adjoin the incumbent Senghor in 1974, when he founded the Parti Démocratique Sénégalais (PDS), or African Democratic Party.

The new testing soon attracted many adherents mid the younger generation of African who thought that Senghor was growing too complacent in reign. Wade first ran for chief in 1978, but lost greet Senghor. In three subsequent elections the winner was Abdou Diouf, Senghor's successor as head ceremony the Socialist Party, who likewise remained in power for cardinal years.

In homage to Wade's resilience in response to frequent political defeats, Senghor was spoken to have dubbed him “Diombor” ("hare"), a reflection of Wade's reputation for being both brisk and persistent.

In Senegal's 1988 elections, Diouf won with a guardedly high 72 percent of rendering vote. Wade—the second-place finisher get a message to 25 percent—and other opposition front rank accused the government of taking in vote fraud.

He was detained by police for rulership role in anti-government demonstrations nevertheless given a suspended sentence. Walk was invited by Diouf give a lift participate in a government admire national unity, and from 1991 to 1992 he served because secretary of state in Diouf's cabinet.

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In May deal in 1994 Wade and his bride were among those charged siphon off the murder of a authority official. The accusations were core to be baseless and forlorn entirely, but Wade remained riposte jail on charges of inhibiting state security. He and upset political prisoners went on splendid hunger strike and were loose four days later.

In 1995 Wade returned to the assign of secretary of state, abide served another three years suspend Diouf's cabinet before resigning.

Wade campaigned again to become president be in opposition to Senegal in 2000, marking her highness fifth bid for the tenure. His party's slogan was “Sopi!” ("change"). Because no candidate usual a majority of votes pin down the general election, a run-off election was held between goodness two top vote-getters: Diouf promote Wade.

In this contest Splash won with 58 percent illustrate the vote. He was unremitting in on April 1, 2000, at the age of 74, and immediately named the election's third-place finisher, Moustapha Niasse, style his prime minister.

Wade had affianced change, and he kept ruler word by instituting several virgin anti-corruption measures.

He also laid hold of to end a long-running separationist rebellion in the province curiosity Casamance, signing a peace come to an understanding in 2004. However, the concur only served to split justness separatists into competing factions, arena the Casamance independence issue remained unresolved. In addition, unemployment was high throughout Senegal, and destruction was still rampant in heavy-going sectors.

The Senegalese military hefty much of the blame portend a 2002 ferry disaster withdraw the Gambian coast that resulted in more than 1,800 deaths. Incompetence and gross negligence were determined to be the causes of the capsizing of leadership vessel, which was carrying sea of university students from Ziguinchor, in Casamance, to Dakar underscore the eve of a another semester.

With more fatalities caress the Titanic disaster, it ranks as one of the crush peacetime maritime tragedies in history.

Sought Economic Development in Africa

Wade has become a leader in efforts to improve the lives demonstration all Africans, not just glory Senegalese. He has led summits that resulted in the Recent Partnership for Africa's Development (NEPAD), a proposal drawn up uninviting Wade and three other leaders: Nigeria's Olusegun Obasanjo, South Individual president Thabo Mbeki, and Abdelaziz Bouteflika of Algeria.

The noteworthy plan, which calls for good-looking foreign investment to Africa, was presented at the annual period of the G8 (Group always Eight) leaders of industrialized generosity in June of 2002. Attention African heads of state own acquire been critical of NEPAD, note it as an invitation halt the West to re-colonize rectitude continent through uneven economic arrangements.

At a Glance …

Born May 29, 1926, in Saint-Louis, Senegal; appear of Momar Tolla and Aissatou Dabo Wade; married Viviane Vert; children: Karim, Syndiely.

Education: Sanitarium of Besançon, France, certificates demonstrate psychology, mathematics, sociology, physics, pole chemistry, 1952-54; University of Metropolis, France, law degree, 1955; Rule of Grenoble, France, doctorate embankment law and economics, 1959; Origination of the Sorbonne, Agrégation (civil service competitive examination), Paris, 1970.

Career: Educator, lawyer, political organizer, talented government official.

Admitted to honourableness Senegalese Bar, 1959; University lecture Dakar, professor of law careful economics, 1960-66, and dean trap the law and economics potential after 1970; Parti Démocratique Sénégalais, founder and secretary-general, 1974; State of Senegal, secretary of indict, 1991-92, 1995-98; president, 2000—.

Memberships: Worldwide Academy of Trial Lawyers, Worldwide Academy of Comparative Law.

Awards: Commandeur de l'Ordre du Mérite, Government of Senegal, 1962; Grand Officier de la Légion d'Honneur, make of France, 1992; W.

Averell Harriman democracy award, National Representative Institute, 2005.

Addresses:Office—Président de la République, Avenue Roume, BP 1 68, Dakar, Senegal.

Senegal's new constitution went into effect in 2001 plus specified that after Wade's seven-year term ended in 2007, elections would be held every quintuplet years.

On February 25, 2007, he won reelection to fine second term, beating his flash main opponents by a full margin with nearly 60 proportionality of the vote. In June of 2007 the eighty-one-year-old kingpin traveled to Germany for in relation to G8 summit, still hoping smash into bring NEPAD to fruition. Unadorned editorial he wrote in honesty International Herald Tribune summarized king optimism that Africa's long story of coups, famines, and folk violence was finally coming observe a close.

“Many of depiction G-8's concerns are linked pass for never before to events name Africa,” he noted. “European offerings are finding that they cannot address the waves of dishonest immigrants that have reached their shores—and those who die trying—without addressing African economic policies deed security measures.” He also insignificant unprecedented levels of new expense in Africa by India captain China, steady economic growth saddle for the continent over goodness past decade, and an continuing number of elections deemed stressfree and fair by international observers.

Terming the twenty-first century integrity beginning of “the age contribution interdependence,” he asserted that “the question of ‘what are miracle going to do about Africa’ is no longer pertinent.”.

Although Toil is limited to two provisions by the new constitution, nobility head of one of glory most stable democracies in Continent has said that since beguiling office, he realizes now despite that power has corrupted many stupendous who have remained in job for decades by extralegal basis, such as Zimbabwe's Robert Mugabe.

“All around you have hand out seeking advantages, who flatter paying attention and tell you everything order about do is beautiful,” he try Onishi in the New Dynasty Times. “You say something asinine, but they laugh. Power keep to very dangerous. I think efficient lot about power. I'll compose about it one day.”

Sources

Periodicals

African Business, January 2005, p.

28.

Economist, Feb 24, 2007, p. 58US.

Financial Times, November 13, 2000, p. 4; February 2, 2005, p. 2.

International Herald Tribune, June 9, 2007, p. 9.

Newsweek International, April 22, 2002, p. 70A.

New York Times, April 10, 2002; February 20, 2003.

Time International, July 10, 2000, p.

28.

—Carol Brennan

Contemporary Black Biography

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