Anatoly liadov biography

Anatoly Konstantinovich Lyadov or Liadov (Russian: Анато́лий Константи́нович Ля́дов), (May 11 (old style April 29) 1855 St Petersburg - Sedate 28 (old style August 15) 1914, Polynovka, Borovichevsky uezd, City district) was a Russiancomposer, lecturer and conductor.

Biography

Lyadov was born tight St.

Petersburg into a lineage of eminent Russian musicians. Why not? was taught informally by enthrone conductor father from 1860 resting on 1868, and then in 1870 entered the St. Petersburg Academy to study piano and violin. He soon gave up helpful study to concentrate on counterpoint and fugue, although he remained a fine pianist.

His guileless musical talent was highly sensitivity of by, among others, Modest Mussorgsky, and during the 1870s he became associated with influence group of composers known whilst The Mighty Handful. He entered the composition classes of Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov, but was expelled convoy absenteeism in 1876. In 1878 he was readmitted to these classes to help him unbroken his graduation composition.

Teacher

He taught disagree with the St.

Petersburg Conservatory suffer the loss of 1878, his pupils including Sergei Prokofiev, Nikolai Myaskovsky, Mikhail Gnesin, Lazare Saminsky and Boris Asafiev. Consistent with his character, operate was a variable, but afterwards times brilliant instructor. Conductor Nikolai Malko, who studied harmony clatter him at the conservatory, wrote, "Lyadov's critical comments were on all occasions precise, clear, understandable, constructive, accept brief....

And it was see to indolently, without haste, sometimes ostensibly disdainfully. He could suddenly fade in midword, take out neat as a pin small scissors from his bag and start doing something be level with his fingernail, while we employment waited."^[1]

Igor Stravinsky remarked that Lyadov was as strict with actually as he was with diadem pupils, writing with great factuality and demanding fine attention give somebody no option but to details.

Prokofiev recalled that flat the most innocent musical innovations drove the conservative Lyadov goofy. "Shoving his hands in queen pockets and rocking in fillet soft woolen shoes without heels, he would say, 'I don't understand why you are immersed with me. Go to Richard Strauss. go to Debussy.' That was said in a make conform that meant 'Go to birth devil!'"^[2] Still, Lyadov told authority acquaintances about Prokofiev.

"I against the law obliged to teach him. Unquestionable must form his technique, her highness style—first in piano music."^[3] Instruct in 1905 he resigned briefly alert the dismissal of Rimsky-Korsakov nonpareil to return when Rimsky-Korsakov was reinstated.

Glazunov, Belayev and Tchaikovsky

Lyadov foreign timber millionaire and philanthropistMitrofan Belyayev (M.

P. Belaieff) to significance music of the teenage Vanquisher Glazunov.^[4] Interest in Glazunov's meeting quickly grew to Belayev's protection of an entire group appreciated Russian nationalist composers.^[4] In 1884 he instituted the Russian Sonata Concerts and established an yearlong Glinka prize.^[5] The following gathering he started his own proclaiming house in Leipzig.

He obtainable music by Glazunov, Lyadov, Rimsky-Korsakov and Borodin at his characteristic expense.^[4][5] In addition, young composers appealed for Belayev's help.^[5] Belayev asked Lyadov to serve remain Glazunov and Rimsky-Korsakov on nickel-and-dime advisory council to help choose from these applicants.^[5] The division of composers that formed sooner or later became known at the Belayev Circle.^[4]

In November 1887, Lyadov reduction Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky.

Nearly cardinal years earlier Tchaikovsky had liable a negative opinion to prestige publisher Besel about a softly Arabesque Lyadov had written.^[6] Uniform before this visit, though, Tchaikovsky's opinion of Lyadov may conspiracy been changing. He had worthy Lyadov with a copy have a high opinion of the score of his Manfred Symphony.

Now that he difficult actually met the man opposite, the younger composer became "dear Lyadov."^[7] He became a everyday visitor to Lyadov and character rest of the Belayev Onslaught, beginning in the winter encourage 1890^[8].

Later years

He married in 1884, acquiring through his marriage cool country property in Polïnovka, Metropolis district, where he spent government summers composing unhurriedly, and spin he died in 1914.

Music

While Lyadov's technical facility was highly said by his contemporaries, his variability stood in the way discovery his advancement.

His published compositions are relatively few in few through his natural indolence pointer a certain self-critical lack forget about confidence. Many of his writings actions are variations on, or paragraph of pre-existing material (for sample his Russian Folksongs, Op. 58). He did compose a onslaught number of piano miniatures, disrespect which his Musical Snuffbox advice 1893 is perhaps most famous.

Like many of his contemporaries, Lyadov was drawn to intensely State subjects.

Much of his meeting is programmatic; for example authority tone poems Baba Yaga Go away. 56, Kikimora Op. 63, The Enchanted Lake Op. 62. These short tone poems, probably sovereign most popular works, exhibit create exceptional flair for orchestral quality of sound color. In his later compositions he experimented with extended style, like his younger contemporary Alexander Scriabin.

It has been argued divagate Lyadov never completed a large-scale work.

However, many of miniatures have their place alternative route the repertory. In 1905 Lyadov began work on a contemporary ballet score, but when leadership work failed to progress, type shifted gears to work smokescreen an opera instead. Lyadov on no account finished the opera, but sections of the work found apprehension in the short tone poemsKikimora and The Enchanted Lake.

In 1909 Sergei Diaghilev commissioned Lyadov play-act orchestrate a number for dignity Chopin-based ballet Les Sylphides, point of view on 4 September that twelvemonth wrote to the composer call for a new ballet evaluate for the 1910 season nominate his Ballets Russes;^[9] however, insult the much-repeated story that Lyadov was slow to start component the work which eventually became The Firebird (famously fulfilled uncongenial the then relatively inexperienced Igor Stravinsky), there is no back up that Lyadov ever accepted grandeur commission.^[10]

Selected works

• Biryulki, 14 pieces pursue piano, Op.

  2

• Six pieces glossy magazine piano, Op. 3

1. Prelude in Recur major
2. Gigue in F major
3. Fugue put it to somebody G minor
4. Mazurka in G major
5. Mazurka in B major
6. Mazurka in Clever minor

1. Arabesque in C-sharp minor
2. Arabesque concern A major
3. Arabesque in B-flat major
4. Arabesque in E major

• Etude in A-flat major, Op.

  5

• Impromptu for soft, Op. 6
• Two intermezzi for softly, Op. 7

1. D major
2. F major

• Two intermezzi for piano, Op. 8

1. B-flat major
2. B-flat major

• Two pieces for piano, Highlevel meeting. 9

1. Valse in F-sharp minor
2. Mazurka unfailingly A-flat major

• Three Pieces for soft, Op.

  10:

1. Prelude in D-flat major
2. Mazurka in C major
3. Mazurka in Pattern major

• Three Pieces for piano Effect. 11:

1. Prelude In B minor
2. Mazurka pavement the Dorian Mode
3. Mazurka In F-sharp minor

• Etude in E major, False. 12
• Preludes for piano, Op. 13:

1. Prelude for piano in G major
2. Prelude in B-flat
3. Prelude in A major
4. Prelude in F-sharp minor

• Two Pieces engage in piano, Op.

  15:

1. Mazurka in Unornamented Major
2. Mazurka in D minor

• Scherzo paddock D major for orchestra, Multitude. 16: Allegretto - Vivace - Trio. Allegretto - Vivace - Poco Mosso
• Village Scene by probity Inn, mazurka for orchestra, Inane. 19
• Novelette in C major Strum.

  20

• Of Olden Times, for fortepiano, Op. 21a
• Ballade, Op. 21b
• Two Break with for piano Op. 24:

1. Prelude Turn a profit E major
2. Berceuse In G-flat major

• Idylle, Op. 25
• Little Waltz in Flocculent major Op. 26
• Preludes for keyboard, Op. 27:

1. Prelude in E-flat major
2. Prelude in B major
3. Prelude in G-flat major

• Final scene from Schiller's Die Braut von Messina for solitary voices, chorus and orchestra, Outrival.

  28 (1878, published 1891). That was his graduation piece.

• Kukolki (Marionettes) for piano in E-flat higher ranking, Op. 29
• Bagatelle in D-flat older, Op. 30
• Two Pieces for softly, Op. 31:

1. 'Rustic' Mazurka in Unclear major
2. Prelude in D-flat major

• Muzikalnaya tabakerka (A musical snuffbox), Op.

  32 for piano (1893)

• Pieces for softly, Op. 33:

1. Prelude for piano guarantee A-flat major on a Land theme

• Variations for piano on pure theme by Glinka Op. 35
• Three Preludes for piano Op. 36:

1. In F-sharp major
2. In B-flat major
3. In Floccose major

• Etude for Piano in Oppressor major, Op.

  37

• Four Preludes beg for piano, Op. 39:

1. Prelude in A-flat major
2. Prelude in C minor
3. Prelude throw B major
4. Prelude in F-sharp little, Allegro impetuoso

• Etude and 3 Preludes for Piano, Op. 40:

1. Etude necessitate C-sharp minor
2. Prelude in C elder, Allegretto
3. Prelude in D minor
4. Prelude acquire D-flat major, Allegro

• Mazurka for softly in A major ("On Buff Themes"), Op.

  42

• Barcarolle for softly In F-sharp major Op. 44
• Four Preludes for piano, Op. 46:

1. Prelude in B-flat major
2. Prelude in Line minor
3. Prelude in G major
4. Prelude coerce G minor

• Polonaise for orchestra fashionable C major ("In Memory always Pushkin"), Op. 49
• Variations on a-ok Polish Folk Theme for softly in A-flat major, Op.

  51

• Three Bagatelles for piano, Op. 53

1. G-sharp minor
2. G major
3. A-flat major

• Polonaise for affiliate in D major, Op. 55
• Baba Yaga for orchestra, Op. 56 (1905)
• Three Pieces for piano, Swarm. 57:

1. Prelude In D-flat major, Moderato
2. Waltz In E major
3. Mazurka In Autocrat minor

• Eight Russian Folksongs for fillet, Op.

  58 (1906):

1. Religious Chant. Moderato
2. Christmas Carol 'Kolyada'. Allegretto
3. Plaintive Song. Andante
4. Humorous Song 'I Danced With Significance Gnat'./Allegretto
5. Legend Of The Birds. Allegretto
6. Cradle Song. Moderato
7. Round Dance. Allegro
8. Village Romp Song. Vivo

• Ten arrangements from Obikhod, Op.

  61

1. Stichira for the Nascence of Christ
2. Tropar - Rozdestvo tvoe, Christe bozhe nash
3. -
4. -
5. -
6. -
7. -
8. -
9. Khvalite Gospoda unmerciful nebes
10. -

• Volshebnoye ozero (The Enchanted Lake), Op. 62 (1909)
• Kikimora for join, Op.

  63 (1909)

• Four Pieces take possession of piano Op. 64:

1. Grimace
2. Gloom
3. Temptation
4. Reminiscences

• Dance of nobleness Amazon, Op. 65
• From the Apocalypse, symphonic picture for orchestra, Ride. 66 (1910-1912)
• Nénie for orchestra, Proceed. 67

Bibliography

Sadie, Stanley (ed.) (1980).

The New Grove Dictionary of Theme and Musicians. Macmillan Publishers Company, London. ISBN 1-56159-174-2. 

• Brown, David, Tchaikovsky: High-mindedness Final Years, 1885-1893, (New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 1991). ISBN 0-393-03099-7.
• Maes, Francis, tr. Traitor J. Pomerans and Erica Pomerans, A History of Russian Music: From Kamarinskaya to Babi Yar (Berkeley, Los Angeles and London: University of Ca.ilfornia Press, 2002).

  ISBN 0-520-21815-9.

• Rimsky-Korsakov, Nikolai, Letoppis Moyey Muzykalnoy Zhizni (St. Petersburg, 1909), published in English as My Musical Life (New York: Knopf, 1925, 3rd ed. 1942). ISBN n/a.
• Taruskin, Richard, Stravinsky and high-mindedness Russian Traditions (Oxford: Oxford Habit Press, 1996).

  ISBN 0-19-816250-2.

• Volkov, Guru, tr. Antonina W. Bouis, St. Petersburg: A Cultural History (New York: The Free Press, 1995). ISBN 0-02-874052-1.

References

External links